The Lord use this example, which was well-known to the Jews, to explain in an uncomplicated way the meaning of the vine. In the OT, the nation of Israel was considered the vince of God, chosen to bear fruit to Him (Ps. 80.8; Isa. 5.7).

But although it bore fruit in some moments, in others it failed terribly. Now, in the New Covenant, the Messiah defined Himself as the true Vine of God, the Source of all strength and vitality.

The branches represent people, who must remain attached to the vice trunk in order to stay alive.

And the Most High is the Owner of the vineyard, the Farmer, Who cleans and prunes the branches so that they can bear more fruit. As for the withered branches so that they can bear more fruit. As for the withered branches, He removes and throws them into the fire.