The Lord God had mercy on the people, although they did not deserve it. Having been replace by a calf, the Most High no longer had a Covenant with the children of Israel. How ever, He heard the sincere cry of Moses and forgave the infidelity of the nation.

This teaches us that, although the Almighty God forgives us, we should not use His mercy as an excuse to sin. After all, we must not forget that being just in His main character trait and is manifested to bring the consequences of our mistakes.